Zur Wirkung vonDiplogaster sp. (Nematodes) als Räuber einiger pflanzenparasitischer Nematoden

Journal of Pest Science - In einem Labortest wurde die Wirksamkeit des NematodenDiplogaster sp. als Prädator der Zweitlarven der WurzelnematodenMeloidogyne javanica undTylenchulus...     

Prenatal Metanephrogenesis of The Camel: Morphological Evidence of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interaction

The present investigation examined histogenesis of epithelial, stromal and angiogenic elements of the prenatal camel permanent or metanephric kidney. The primitive metanephros was first observed at the 13‐mm crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) stage as an ovoid structure composed of a centrally located epithelial ureteric bud and peripheral circumscribed masses of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The first morphological evidence of glomerulogenesis was observed at the 28‐mm CVRL stage. Developing renal corpuscles became obvious at the 35‐mm CVRL stage. At the 60‐mm CVRL stage, the epithelial renal pelvis gave rise to tubular branches that extended towards the cortical zone. These branches represented the presumptive collecting ducts. Differentiation of renal tubules into the proximal and distal convoluted tubules was observed at the 95‐mm CVRL stage. At the 130‐mm CVRL stage, the renal medulla was clearly delineated into medullary pyramids, which in association with the corresponding cortical caps formed the morphological basis of the renal lobar formation. A gradual nephrogenic decline was noticed from the 940‐mm CVRL on; however, the process of nephrogenesis persisted throughout all the studied foetal stages.     

南疆玉米和不同糖分甜高粱的青贮品质分析

 为筛选适宜南疆地区的青贮甜高粱品种,采用罐装青贮的方法,以青贮玉米为对照,研究了糖分含量存在差异的６个品种甜高粱青贮的感观性状及其营养成分。结果显示,１）新高粱２号、考利和丽欧３个甜高粱品种青贮成功率均达到了１００％,ｐＨ 值小于４．１２,感官评价为１级优等。甜饲１号和玉米青贮成功率为８０％,ｐＨ 值分别为４．２７和４．１８,感官定级为２级尚好。大力士青贮成功率为４０％,ｐＨ 值为４．９７,感官定级为３级中等。Ｘ０９６青贮 成功率为２０％,ｐＨ５．３１,定级为４级腐败。丽欧、考利、新高粱２号及玉米青贮的乳酸含量较高,丁酸含量较低;而Ｘ０９６、大力士青贮丁酸含量偏高,乳酸含量则较低。２）大力士甜高粱青贮水分含量最高（P ＜０．０５）,Ｘ０９６甜高粱青贮饲料水分含量最低（P ＜０．０５）。甜高粱丽欧、考利和玉米青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量均超过了７％,显著高于其他各青贮样本（P ＜０．０５）,Ｘ０９６青贮饲料粗蛋白质含量最低（P ＜０．０５）。粗脂肪含量以考利甜高粱青贮饲料最高,为３．３０％,显著高于玉米、大力士和Ｘ０９６ 青贮饲料（P ＜０．０５）。考利和丽欧甜高粱青贮饲料水溶性碳水化合物（ｗａｔｅｒｓｏｌｕｂｌｅｃａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅ,ＷＳＣ）含量均超过了４．５％,显著高于其他各青贮饲料ＷＳＣ 含量（P ＜０．０５）。青贮玉米ＷＳＣ 含量高于Ｘ０９６和甜饲１ 号。３）粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维含量,以Ｘ０９６ 甜高粱青贮最高（P ＜０．０５）,丽欧、考利、甜饲１号和玉米青贮基本在同一水平（P ＞０．０５）。４）各品种甜高粱及玉米青贮的灰分、钙、磷含量无显著性差异（P ＞０．０５）。可见,在南疆可选择新高粱２号、考利、丽欧等甜高粱品种替代玉米来制作青贮饲料;选择大力士制作青贮,应采取延迟收割或晾晒等方法,以降低青贮前水分偏高的问题。     

The use of leucaena leaf meal in feeding Nile tilapia

A 14 week experiment was carried out to study the effects of replacing three different levels (33%, 66%; and 100%;) of berseem leaf meal (BLM) by leucaena leaf meal (LLM) treated in four different ways (drying for 48 h at 60 C, autoclaved for 15 min, sprayed with 1% sodium hydroxide and incubated with rumen liquor for 24 h). Groups of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings (5.07 g mean weight) were fed one of 13 isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (19.67 kJ per g dry matter) diets, with two replicates (10 fish per aquarium) for each treatment. The results indicated that weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein utilization parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by the higher percentage of dried or cooked LLM in tilapia diets. On the other hand, the lowest growth performance and feed utilization parameters were observed in the groups fed LLM diets treated with sodium hydroxide or incubated with rumen liquor. Carcass protein and fat increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of LLM and simultaneously decreasing ash content.     

Morphological and molecular characterization of garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes sampled from Turkey

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Garlic is a vegetable widely used both in food and as a pharmaceutical raw material in the world due to its contents. Although morphological differences are...     

Analysis of the Offspring Sex Ratio of Chicken by Using Molecular Sexing

The overall sex ratio of offspring （dead embryos and hatch chicks） from all the fertilized eggs of 140 hens collected for 30 days was studied using duplex PCR of certain fragments of sex chromosomes. Additional 894 dead embryos over a period of 21 days of incubation were also investigated to verify the sex ratio of the dead embryos. The sex of the early dead embryos was identified using this molecular sexing technique. The sex ratio of the hatch chicks and the total offspring of the hens investigated in this experiment did not differ from the expected sex ratio （i.e., 1：1）., However, the number of female dead embryos was significantly more than that of males. The data indicated that the different physiologic function of males and females contributed to female-biased mortality during incubation. It was also found by further analysis that the sex ratios of the offspring of some hens were significantly biased to female or male over the period investigated, which suggested that the sex ratio of offspring might be influenced by the maternal condition to some degrees.     

Rainfall variability and its influence on surface flow regimes examples from the central highlands of Ethiopia

The article shows results of an international and interdisciplinary project with the title ‘Rainfall and its Erosivity in Ethiopia’. Rainfall variability affects the water resource management of Ethiopia. The influence of rainfall variability on flow regimes was investigated using five gauging stations with data availability from 1982–1997. It was confirmed that the variability in rainfall has a direct implication for surface runoff. Surface runoff declined at most of the gauging stations investigated. Therefore, effective water resource management is recommended for the study area. Future research should focus on watershed management which includes land-use and land cover. The question posed here is whether the variability in rainfall significantly affected surface flow in the study area.